Regarding the scarcity of water resources in arid regions of the world, using more efficient irrigation systems is essential in agriculture. Possible option for improving agricultural water productivity is the irrigation method using steam- pottery system. This study introduces a new method of pottery irrigation system that is capable of transferring moisture and nutrients into the soil. The experimental system consisted of two clear plexiglasses with the dimension of 130 × 40 × 40 cm. The clay pipes were used in each of the boxes had the same dimensions (length 90 and diameter 5 cm). Perlite-coco peat is used as a soil. The volumetric moisture content of the soil was measured by using an analog moisture meter. The data recorded by the sensors were analyzed in both the steam-pottery system, and the water-pottery system. The results show that the distribution of moisture is uniform for both of them, in terms of time and space. However, the amount of moisture in the steam-pottery system is less than water-pottery system. The result is that in the steam-pottery system, the water demands of the plant are met, with total water use less than it was in the water-pottery system.  Other advantages of the steam-pottery system over the water-pottery system are that the pipes are not clogged and their service life is greatly extended

The trend of development in pulp and paper industry is to have higher filler content in writing and printing papers. However, the strength of paper will be reduced by increasing filler content, despite of maintaining many benefits such as improving the optical properties. In this study, the effect of different consumption levels of GCC and clay fillers on the strength and optical properties of a furnish containing 70% hardwood CMP and 30% bleached Softwood kraft pulps, was investigated. The results indicated that, by using GCC filler, in comparison with clay, it is possible to produce writing and printing paper at higher brightness and strength properties.

Introduction: The aim of this study is evaluation of efficacy of lacrimal sac localization with lacrimal probe without using light pipe. The study was based on nonrandomized prospective clinical trial with one year follow up period.Methods: A group of 40 patients operated since march 2001 to December 2004 The operation was Endoscopic Dacryocystorhynostomy and localization of lacrimal sac, which was performed with a lacrimal probe inserted in lacrimal sac. With pushing the probe inferomedialy pierces lacrimal sac lacrimal bone, and nasal musca over the bone. Follow up includes symptom evaluation such as epiphora and endoscopy. Success was defined as relief of symptoms & duct patancy with irrigation for a 1 year period.Results: 29 patients were male (72.5 %) and 11 were female (27.5 %). Mean age was 37.5 (with SD±12.26) in 20 patients right eye involved, left eye involved in 16 cases and in 4 cases both eyes involved. For 3 patients septoplasty was done besides EDCR. success rate was 82.5% and no complication was seen.Discussion: the use of lacrimal probe for lacrimal sac localization is a safe and easy method and don't have light pipe limitations then can replace light pipe.

To divert water from a large diameter irrigation pipeline to a smaller diameter plastic gated pipe so called "Hydroflume", a pipe turnout was designed and built in the Sugar cane development and Byproducts Company with the cooperation of the Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran. This pipe turnout not only conveys water but it also dissipates the excess energy. The structure has of a circular broad crested weir for measuring flow discharge. It also was equipped by a piezometer to facilate flow measurement. The turnout consists of two 800-millimeters precast concrete pipe and has been designed in such a way that can be produced in large quantities in the factory and then installed in the farm. In this paper the design criteria including: investigation of various alternatives and selection of the best type, hydraulics and structural design, laboratory and field tests are presented.

Double-pipe heat exchangers are commonly used in various industries, including power plants, solar cells, refineries, and automotive. The double-pipe heat exchanger is one of the most used simple exchangers in the industry. In this study, we employ computational fluid dynamics to investigate the flow characteristics of nanofluids within a double-pipe heat exchanger featuring a square inner tube and a circular outer tube (SC). The simulations are conducted under constant heat flux conditions, exploring laminar and turbulent flow regimes. Numerical results for water flow under forced convection are compared with reference results for validation. The results indicate that as the Reynolds number increases, particularly in turbulent flow regimes, the Nusselt number in nanofluid flow increases more than in water flow. For instance, in the case of aluminum oxide nanofluid flow at a Reynolds number of 500, the Nusselt number demonstrates a nearly 5% enhancement over water flow. In contrast, at a Reynolds number of 20000, this enhancement escalates to approximately 20%. Three types of nanoparticles are considered to investigate the effect of nanoparticle type on heat transfer and pressure drop. The results show that the use of nanoparticles has a slight effect on the friction factor while significantly enhancing heat transfer.

In the 1970, Popov et al. Developed plans to make plastic joints in frames with eccentric bracing to increase energy dissipation (Roeder and Egor, 1978), and since the late 1980s, the use of steel dampers has been common in countries such as Japan and Indonesia. Has been. Different types of steel dampers have been used since then, for example ADAS, X-shaped and honeycomb dampers are some of the steel dampers that are still under development and research studies have been done on them (Askariani et al. 2020).